The .NET Framework is set of technologies that form an integral part of the .NET Platform. It is Microsoft's managed code programming model for building applications that have good user experiences, seamless and secure communication, and the ability to model a range of business processes.
The .NET Framework has two main components: the Common Language Runtime (CLR) and .NET Base Class Library(BCL). The CLR is the foundation of the .NET framework and provides a common set of services for projects that act as building blocks to build up applications across all tiers. It simplifies development and provides a robust and simplified environment which provides common services to build application. The .NET base class library is a collection of reusable types and exposes features of the runtime. It contains of a set of classes that is used to access common functionality.
.NET Framework Contains:
CLR(Common Language Runtime).
The Common Language Runtime is the foundation of the .NET Framework. It is responsible for managing code execution at run time, and provides core services such as compilation, memory management, thread management, code execution, enforcement of type safety, and code safety verification. Compilers target the common language runtime, which defines the basic data types available to application developers. Because it provides a managed environment for code execution, the common language runtime enhances developer productivity and contributes to the development of robust applications.
CTS(Common Type System).
Because the runtime, rather than an individual language compiler, defines the available base types, developer productivity is enhanced. Programmers can write applications in their development language of choice, yet take full advantage of the runtime, the class library, and components written in other languages by other developers. Provided that a language compiler targets the .NET Framework and the common language runtime, components developed with that compiler can usually be accessed from applications developed in other languages. The common type system helps to realize the goal of language independence; developers can focus on developing an application in their language of choice, and can draw on libraries and components regardless of the language in which they were written.
CLS(Common Language Specification).
To fully interact with other objects regardless of the language they were implemented in, objects must expose to callers only those features that are common to all the languages they must interoperate with. For this reason, the Common Language Specification (CLS), which is a set of basic language features needed by many applications, has been defined. The CLS rules define a subset of the common type system that is, all the rules that apply to the common type system apply to the CLS, except where stricter rules are defined in the CLS. The CLS helps enhance and ensure language interoperability by defining a set of features that developers can rely on to be available in a wide variety of languages. The CLS also establishes requirements for CLS compliance; these help you determine whether your managed code conforms to the CLS and to what extent a given tool supports the development of managed code that uses CLS features.
MSIL(Microsoft intermediate language).
When compiling to managed code, the compiler translates your source code into Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL), which is a CPU-independent set of instructions that can be efficiently converted to native code. MSIL includes instructions for loading, storing, initializing, and calling methods on objects, as well as instructions for arithmetic and logical operations, control flow, direct memory access, exception handling, and other operations. Before code can be run, MSIL must be converted to CPU-specific code, usually by a just-in-time (JIT) compiler. Because the common language runtime supplies one or more JIT compilers for each computer architecture it supports, the same set of MSIL can be JIT-compiled and run on any supported architecture.
JIT (Just In Time Compiler).
JIT also known as dynamic translation, is a method to improve the runtime performance of computer programs. Traditionally, computer programs had two modes of runtime operation, either interpreted or static (ahead-of-time) compilation.Interpreted code is translated from a high-level language to a machine code continuously during every execution, whereas statically compiled code is translated into machine code before execution, and only requires this translation once.
JIT compilers represent a hybrid approach, with translation occurring continuously, as with interpreters, but with caching of translated code to minimize performance degradation. It also offers other advantages over statically compiled code at development time, such as handling of late-bound data types and the ability to enforce security guarantees.
JIT builds upon two earlier ideas in run-time environments: bytecode compilation and dynamic compilation. It converts code at runtime prior to executing it natively, for example bytecode into native machine code.
GC(Garbage Collector).
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The .NET Framework has two main components: the Common Language Runtime (CLR) and .NET Base Class Library(BCL). The CLR is the foundation of the .NET framework and provides a common set of services for projects that act as building blocks to build up applications across all tiers. It simplifies development and provides a robust and simplified environment which provides common services to build application. The .NET base class library is a collection of reusable types and exposes features of the runtime. It contains of a set of classes that is used to access common functionality.
.NET Framework Contains:
CLR(Common Language Runtime).
The Common Language Runtime is the foundation of the .NET Framework. It is responsible for managing code execution at run time, and provides core services such as compilation, memory management, thread management, code execution, enforcement of type safety, and code safety verification. Compilers target the common language runtime, which defines the basic data types available to application developers. Because it provides a managed environment for code execution, the common language runtime enhances developer productivity and contributes to the development of robust applications.
CTS(Common Type System).
Because the runtime, rather than an individual language compiler, defines the available base types, developer productivity is enhanced. Programmers can write applications in their development language of choice, yet take full advantage of the runtime, the class library, and components written in other languages by other developers. Provided that a language compiler targets the .NET Framework and the common language runtime, components developed with that compiler can usually be accessed from applications developed in other languages. The common type system helps to realize the goal of language independence; developers can focus on developing an application in their language of choice, and can draw on libraries and components regardless of the language in which they were written.
CLS(Common Language Specification).
To fully interact with other objects regardless of the language they were implemented in, objects must expose to callers only those features that are common to all the languages they must interoperate with. For this reason, the Common Language Specification (CLS), which is a set of basic language features needed by many applications, has been defined. The CLS rules define a subset of the common type system that is, all the rules that apply to the common type system apply to the CLS, except where stricter rules are defined in the CLS. The CLS helps enhance and ensure language interoperability by defining a set of features that developers can rely on to be available in a wide variety of languages. The CLS also establishes requirements for CLS compliance; these help you determine whether your managed code conforms to the CLS and to what extent a given tool supports the development of managed code that uses CLS features.
MSIL(Microsoft intermediate language).
When compiling to managed code, the compiler translates your source code into Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL), which is a CPU-independent set of instructions that can be efficiently converted to native code. MSIL includes instructions for loading, storing, initializing, and calling methods on objects, as well as instructions for arithmetic and logical operations, control flow, direct memory access, exception handling, and other operations. Before code can be run, MSIL must be converted to CPU-specific code, usually by a just-in-time (JIT) compiler. Because the common language runtime supplies one or more JIT compilers for each computer architecture it supports, the same set of MSIL can be JIT-compiled and run on any supported architecture.
JIT (Just In Time Compiler).
JIT also known as dynamic translation, is a method to improve the runtime performance of computer programs. Traditionally, computer programs had two modes of runtime operation, either interpreted or static (ahead-of-time) compilation.Interpreted code is translated from a high-level language to a machine code continuously during every execution, whereas statically compiled code is translated into machine code before execution, and only requires this translation once.
JIT compilers represent a hybrid approach, with translation occurring continuously, as with interpreters, but with caching of translated code to minimize performance degradation. It also offers other advantages over statically compiled code at development time, such as handling of late-bound data types and the ability to enforce security guarantees.
JIT builds upon two earlier ideas in run-time environments: bytecode compilation and dynamic compilation. It converts code at runtime prior to executing it natively, for example bytecode into native machine code.
GC(Garbage Collector).
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